APA Healthcare informatics
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8
Robotic Nursing in health Care Delivery
R. SreeRaja Kumar
Associate Professor, School Of Nursing Science and Research, Sharda University, Grater Noida, Uttar Pradesh
ABStRACt
Nursing robots are getting into the people life gradually because of the huge assistance they can provide both to patients and nurses. Human nurses can have peace of mind. Their jobs are secure but a little help has come to the rescue to do most of the boring nursing tasks for them. Robot nurse helps nurses in hospitals. Larger robotic machines can be used to carry-out laborious physical tasks like moving patients, and smaller interactive robots are being used to combat loneliness and inactivity in the elderly population. An increasing elderly population paired with an insufficient amount of healthcare workers able to care for it makes revolutionary inventions like nurse robots incredibly helpful.
Keywords: Robot, Robotic Nurse Assistant, Giraffplus, Cody, Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Corresponding Author: R. Sree Raja Kumar Associate Professor School of Nursing Science and Research Plot No: 32, 34, Knowledge Park-III Sharda University, Grater Noida, Uttar Pradesh- 201306 Phone: +919646531203 Email: paulsree82@gmail.com
INtRoDuCtIoN
The word robot derived from the word Robota which means compulsory Labor. Robot is a machine in the form of a human being that performs the mechanical functions of a human being but lacks sensitivity1.
The Nursing robot system is designed to serve bedridden patients by performing simple services
Such as operating electrical appliances or bringing patient’s bedside according to the patients spoken request. She has face recognition (camera), voice recognition (microphone) arms and hands. She talks (speaker) with the patient, doctor and nurses in different human languages1.
Human-like robots are already being utilized as supplemental healthcare workers in elderly homes across the world. Larger robotic machines can be used to carry-out laborious physical tasks like moving patients,
and smaller interactive robots are being used to combat loneliness and inactivity in the elderly population2.
As an ageing society is becoming a challenge for more and more countries, the development of non- human nurses will be essential to cope with the lack of human caregivers. In the future, robots will assist older people at home, in hospitals and foster homes. One of the robots’ main benefits is that they are comparably cheap labor. Moreover, there are more retired people than people who work. As a result this will lead to an increase of pension and consequently cheap nursing staff will be essential to handle supply and demand and to make sure that nursing will remain affordable2.
Additionally, nursing robots will take on physical demanding work like carrying or moving people. Especially, when nursing immobile or handicapped people, the assistance of robots will be a great relief for nurses and caregivers. An increasing elderly population paired with an insufficient amount of healthcare workers able to care for it makes revolutionary inventions like nurse robots incredibly helpful3.
RoBot
A-reprogrammable, multifunctional, manipulator designed to make material , parts, tools or specialized devices through various programmed motion for the performance of a variety of tasks.
DOI Number: 10.5958/0974-9357.2018.00086.7
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8 International Journal of Nursing Education, July-September 2018, Vol.10, No. 3 149
Characteristics of Robot
Mobility: It possesses some form of mobility
Programmability: It can be programmed to accomplish a large variety of tasks. After being programmed, it operates automatically.
Sensors: able to sense the environment and give the useful feedback to the device.
Mechanical Capability: Enabling it to act on its environment rather than merely functions as a data processing or computational device (a robot is a machine).
Flexibility: It can operate using a range of programs and transports material in a variety of ways.
law of Robot: There are three Laws of the Robot which were recommended by Issac Assimov’s
First law: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
Second law: A robot must obey order given it by human beings, except when such orders would conflict with the first law.
third law: a robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law.
types of Robots:
RIBA: (Robot for Interactive body assistance) RIBA is the first robot that can lift up or set down a real human from or to bed or wheelchair.
Robotic health Assistant: A robotic care giver can handle the laundry and household chores, while the patient is sleeping and the patients awakes would be greeted by kind humanlike voice.
If the patient ambulatory, the robot can assist with getting the patient moving. Many elderly patients take multiple medicines allowing for mistakes in taking the right dose at night time.
A caregiver robot could make sure that medicine requirement is met. For those failing eyesight, the robot could read to them4.
Giraffplus: Giraffplus consists of a network of sensors which can measure blood pressure or detect if someone falls. The data then interpreted in term of activities, health and well being, such as if the person is relaxed or need to go to bed. Even can trigger alerts or reminder to a health care provider4.
Care-o-Bot 4: These Robots provides the social assistance by offering stimulating and engaging in empathic interaction, they increasing social connectivity which prevents social isolation and loneliness.
Cody: Cody is robotic nurse designed to give bath to an elderly. These robots are programmed to apply gentle pressure while washing patient as a solution both to the embarrassment of receiving bathing help from another human as well as to the anticipated increase in demand of nursing services for the elderly4.
hybrid Assistive limb: (hAl) Hybrid assistive limb (HAL) which is robotic exoskeleton that could greatly improve the mobility of elderly or disabled people who wear it4.
Robotic Nursing Assistant: (RoNA SYSteM): RONA system has developed for a human-safe, heavy- lifting that is useful in any clinical environment. It is an autonomous robotic nursing assistant capable of helping health care providers maneuver and lift patients weighing up to 500 pounds5.
Definitions of Robotic Nursing: Robotic nursing is the use of autonomous mobile robots mainly designed and programmed for performing tasks related to nursery aiming to assist (but not replace) nurses in hospitals, care facilities or even homes for a better prevention, and rapid treatment and medical care of people especially elderly and physically disabled ones. In the actual meantime,
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8 150 International Journal of Nursing Education, July-September 2018, Vol.10, No. 3
robot nurses are generally used for performing several routine tasks such as collecting blood sugar and pressure levels1.
Functions of Nursing Robot:
z Making up for cognitive decline (for example, reminding patients to drink, take a medicine or attend an appointment). Elderly people often need to take multiple medications and noncompliance often frequently leads to problems6.
z Enabling patients and caregivers to interact more effectively, thereby reducing the frequency of personal visits required6.
z Collecting data and monitoring patients, some emergencies (such as heart failure and high-blood sugar levels) could be avoided6.
z Assisting people with domestic tasks – many give up independent living because arthritis leaves them unable to cook, clean or use the washing machine or the microwave6.
z Robot that can lift up or set down a real human from or to bed or wheelchair. This bear can lift a patient from standing position or from the floor, transfer a patient to a wheelchair, carry a patient from point A to B, and turn patients in bed6.
z Robots serve as a communication tool if an older adult can’t (because of low vision or dementia, for example) or doesn’t want to learn to use the latest machine, they can simply ask the robot to serve that function. Imagine: “Robot, call my daughter,” and the robot makes the connection with Skype or Face Time-type technology6.
z Robots reminds to take medications, go to appointments, eat, exercise, and anything else
Relevant to each individual person because people make lists but too often they forget to check them6.
z Robot offers endless patience Eg:- When a person has dementia, they often ask the same question over and over. Most humans lose patience answering 5, 15 or 40times. A robot doesn’t6.
z Robotic nursing will be used as a platform for patient education as well. In hospitals, outpatient settings, and at home, patients will be able to access hundreds of videos outlining medication uses, side effects, disease management, support group, emotional support hotlines, and all at the blink of an eye in any language6.
z Robots will be able to help with discharge planning and procedures. They will be integrated into all hospital technologies and monitors so that we can earlier and more accurately detect signs of patient de compensation. Thus, patients will see improved health outcomes7.
z Robotic nurses will have the ability to triage patients in clinics, emergency departments, and via Tele-health services in order to streamline care and provide standardized approaches to symptom management with far fewer resources7.
z Robot nurses will help us to schedule tasks during our nursing shift and prioritize our care with the click of a button. Charting will become less of a burden and less time-consuming for nurses because most will be automatically delegated to AI7.
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8 International Journal of Nursing Education, July-September 2018, Vol.10, No. 3 151
CoNCluSIoN
The development of medical welfare robot is not necessarily harmful rather than it can be promoted since it used in providing health care services are beneficial to people with disabilities and incurable diseases. It is an important issue in nursing practice to recognize and live with advanced sciences.
ethical Clearance: No ethical clearance has been taken as it is not research study.
Source of Funding: Self
Conflict of Interest: Nil
ReFeReNCeS
1. Kinetic Consulting. Carbots. British Journal of Healthcare Computing & Information Management. October 8 2005; 22:25-26.
2. Hu J, Edsinger A, Yi-Je Lim, Donaldson N, Solano M, SolochekA, Marchessault R. An advanced medical robotic system augmenting healthcare capabilities robotic nursing assistant Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE International Conference; 2011; 6264-9.
3. Stephen C, Schimpff, MD.Robotics can revolutionize the delivery f medical care; January 16, 2012.
4. Kanna Rajan, Alessandro Saffiotti.Special issue on artificial intelligence and robotics.June 2017; 1-440.
5. Evan Morgolius.The robot of progue. Autumn 2017 ; 3-6.
6. Sagar Manse. Seminar on Robotic Nursing. November 1; 2016.
7. Dr.Shruti yadav. Robotics in Nursing. August 2;2016.
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