Topical Sentence Outline (The effects of sleep deprivation on the human body)

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TOPIC: “The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Human Body” This is only the outline I am requesting, I don’t need the full paper yet. example: Smith 2 John Smith ENC 1101 12:00pm-1:15pm November 12, 2018 What are the Characteristics of “Deliberate Practice?” I. Introduction Hook: Psychology writer, Malcom Gladwell, states that in order to achieve mastery over anything, you must first devote an astounding 10,000 hours to it. Thesis Statement Deliberate practice requires a person’s full attention, is guided by an instructor, and requires effective mental representations. II. Body Main Point: Firstly, it is important that a person is giving their full attention to the task at hand in order to be engaged in deliberate practice. a. Practice must also be geared toward improving one specific aspect. b. Example: violinists practicing exercises that are aimed at improving a specific technique. c. Example: Higher levels of performance were obtained by musicians who had more hours of solitary practice. Main Point: Another important component in deliberate practice is an instructor who is familiar with the expert level and how to get there. a. Deliberate practice often relies on a teacher to help reach expert level in the most efficient manner. b. Example: 7 types of instructors observed in simulation and gaming experiment. c. Example: The crucial role of the instructor in game-based training. Main Point: Finally, true deliberate practice not only depends upon, but also results in, effective mental representations. a. Expert performance requires strong mental representations of the task. As a person improves through expert performances, their mental representations will grow thus creating a loop of growth. b. Example: Visual perception is effective in its ability to predict student performance in microscopic pathology. c. Example: In an experiment, chunking and mental representations were used to recall the position of chess pieces on a game board. III. Conclusion Reworded Thesis Deliberate practice is achieved when a person gives their full attention, is lead by a teacher, and both puts forth and creates effective mental representations. Clincher: “A world in which deliberate practice is a normal part of life would be one in which people had more volition and satisfaction.” -Anders Ericsson Works Cited Ericsson, K. Anders. “Summing Up Hours of Any Type of Practice Versus Identifying Optimal Practice Activities.” Perspectives on Psychological Science, vol. 11, no. 3, May 2016, pp. 351–354. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1177/1745691616635600. Ericsson, K. Anders, and Paul Ward. “Capturing the Naturally Occurring Superior Performance of Experts in the Laboratory: Toward a Science of Expert and Exceptional Performance.” Current Directions in Psychological Science, vol. 16, no. 6, Dec. 2007, pp. 346–350. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00533. x. Ericsson, K Anders, and Robert Pool. Peak: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, pp.258 Ericsson, K. Anders, et al. “Toward a Science of Exceptional Achievement.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1172, Aug. 2009, pp. 199–217. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1196/annals.1393.001. Gong, Yanfei, et al. “Recall of Briefly Presented Chess Positions and Its Relation to Chess Skill.” PLoS ONE, vol. 10, no. 3, Mar. 2015, pp. 1–20. EBSCOhost, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118756. Helle, Laura, et al. “Do Prior Knowledge, Personality and Visual Perceptual Ability Predict Student Performance in Microscopic Pathology?” Medical Education, vol. 44, no. 6, June 2010, pp. 621–629. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03625. x. Taylor, Anna-Sofia Alklind, et al. “The Coaching Cycle: A Coaching-by-Gaming Approach in Serious Games.” Simulation & Gaming, vol. 43, no. 5, Oct. 2012, pp. 648–672. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1177/1046878112439442.