Forum Reply 1: 175-200 words with references Discussion.

Forum Reply 1: 175-200 words with references

Discussion.

Topic 1: The duties of a DBA

The principal function of a database administrator (DBA) is to focus on ensuring the availability of the data, its protection, and easy to access as required (DSP, n.d.). Among the DBA tasks figured software installation and maintenance, Authentication, Specialized data handling, database backup and recovery as well as security. For the first task, and after assisting in the first install of the server and database, the DBA installs the database applications and setup all other contents to be ready for the users. Plus, updates and patches are running regularly as needed along with the system maintenance. Second, authentication involves providing the employees’ access to necessary data according to their job assignments while emphasizing database security. In that sense, the control of their access is a crucial aspect to maintain the type of entry that has required for the information database. On the other hand, data handling is part of the DBA specialization, which is necessary for some environments to manage large databases with additional monitoring and tuning. This data can be stored with various types like images, sound, and video files documents. Whether this data is the company patrimonial or other valuable data of the institution, the DBA needs to make sure that they are properly backup, and the company recovery procedure can apply at any time. The security of the database is a priority. As such, the DBA learns the possible vulnerabilities of the database software and works to reduce the risk and execute appropriate methods to prevent threats.

Topic 2: the best or better OS for Oracle

Most required functions of the DBMS centered around ensuring the data integrity and consistency in the database. These functions comprise the data directory management, which involves the DBMS in keeping definitions of the data elements and their relationships. Within this function, the DBSM lookup the essential data element forms and relationships to eliminate the structural and data dependency when the data is retrieved in the database. Another required functionality in RDBMS consists of authorization and access control, which is part of the security management to support advanced encryption and decryption, allowing database administrators to manage the store data (Naeem, 2020). The other functions include data storage management, data transformation and presentation, multiuser access control, backup and recovery management, data integrity management, database access languages, and application programming interfaces, database communication interfaces, and transaction management.

As Burleson’s article (2020) mentioned, Linux has significant benefits over Windows regarding performances as well as administration and management flexibility. Therefore, it is safe to say that this OS would better equip for the Oracle 12c. It also can help provide high-quality service with lower IT costs. Nonetheless, the decision to use any operating system should always be based on specific factors that describe the company’s or user’s needs.

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Forum Reply 2: 175-200 words with references

Discussion.

A. What functionalities are required within a Relational Database Management system?

Some of the functionalities required within Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) include CRUD, ACID, and support for database normalization. CRUD refers to create, read, update and delete operations — the basic functions of a RDBMS. In addition to CRUD, RDBMSes base the structure of their data on the ACID model to ensure consistency (Rouse & Brush, 2020). ACID is an acronym for atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability.  Atomicity refers to the property that all tasks of a database transaction are executed, or none are executed. While consistency refers to the property that transactions take the database from one consistent state to another consistent state (“2 Day DBA”, n.d.). Isolation is the property where the effect of a transaction is not visible until the transaction has been committed to the database. On the other hand, the property of durability means that modifications made by committed transactions are permanent. Lastly, RDBMSes support database normalization – the process of efficiently organizing data in a database (Rouse & Brush, 2020). Normalization strives to reduce data redundancy and help to enforce data dependencies.

B. What’s the best OS to install Oracle Database 12c, Windows or Unix/Linux?

The best operating system to install Oracle Database 12c is a matter of choice. When deciding which operating system to use one of the things to take into consideration is technical skills required to install, configure and maintain the database. For example, when it comes to executing the Oracle install script in the Windows environment the DBA simply selects the “Run as Administrator” option. Conversely, a Unix/Linux install requires the DBA to create an installation user account in order to execute the install script. This clearly illustrates that a Unix/Linux Oracle 12c installation takes more effort than a Windows installation Secondly, the DBA’s technical skillset also comes in play when it comes to maintaining an Oracle 12c database. Windows offers very few performance monitoring tools while Unix/Linux offers a number of different commands that can be used for performance monitoring (Trivedi, 2011). Additionally, Windows uses a Graphical User Interface (GUI) while Unix/Linux has a Command Line Interface (CLI). Most people will agree that using a GUI is much easier than remembering the syntax for a Unix/Linux command with multiple options. Therefore because of the Windows GUI, a less experienced DBA would likely be inclined to select the Windows operating system as opposed to the Unix/Linux operating system.

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Forum Reply 3: 175-200 words with references

Discussion. Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA) Aspects of Security

With respect to medical records, such as test results or a diagnosis are considered to be and justifiable so, confidential within a system.  In my opinion it is more important than the integrity and availability system.   This confidential information is on a need to know basis where access privileges to make changes and/or the viewing of this information should be limited to key personnel (i.e. Doctors, Nurses, Billing etc.).

Integrity within a system is critical when sharing  bank information, from an end users experience.  For example enrolling in auto pay or recurring payment program where personal banking information is being entered into a creditors system, the assumption is there are encryption protocols protecting this information where the risk of possible fraudulent activity is reduced and/or controls to halt/ eliminate any threats to this information. I believe integrity of a system in this example outweighs confidentiality and availability.

Availability of a system is critical when it comes to the accessing of funds.  For example when out shopping or anything that requires payment and the only method is in electronic form.  The availability of that system  being able to connect to a financial institution to verify available funds/credit to secure a purchase or resolve a debt in that moment is more important than the confidentiality or integrity of the system.

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Forum Reply 4: 175-200 words with references

Discussion. Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA) Aspects of Security

With the increased use of technologies in our daily lives, protecting vital information is crucial. Therefore, any organization must ensure the principles of Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability or the CIA Triad are in place to keep data and any other relevant information secure. While each of these principles is crucial in itself, applying or using these principles may be more important than the other depending on the situation.

When it comes to confidentiality, preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information from being exposed to unauthorized personnel is crucial. Thus, ensuring the access of such information is limited to those who need to know helps protect an organizations’ data from unauthorized disclosure (de Oliveira Albuquergue, Garcia Villalba, Sandoval Orozco, Buiati, and Tai-Hoon, 2014). For example, an increase in confidentiality in the organization’s financial data is significant to prevent unnecessary personnel from divulging sensitive information to its competition in the market. In this situation, confidentiality is more important than integrity or availability. Enforcing an elaborate authentication such as biometrics and cryptographic keys increases data confidentiality and reduces data loss.

Integrity means having the ability to maintain accurate or consistent data throughout its life cycle. Preserving the integrity of data and information is crucial because it can result in the organization’s success or failure. For example, ensuring the trustworthiness of data can be done by enabling users or employees to read specific files and prevent them from editing the data. By being able to see the data or the information and ensure that the information is correct, it can guarantee completeness and accuracy of the data. Here, integrity becomes more critical than confidentiality or availability.

Ensuring data to be available to authorized individuals are also important. Making sure that data is available or accessible to those who can manage it when needed is crucial. The lack of information may cause miscommunication to business partners or even death in the healthcare setting. For example, a doctor needing vital information before doing an emergency procedure with a foreign patient coming from an accident does not have access to this patient data at the time of need. While the doctor is on the need-to-know basis in this situation, the foreign patient’s data may not be immediately available due to a lack of authorization or authentication with this patient’s data. In this situation, increasing confidentiality may also decrease availability to those on a need-to-know basis.

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